NANOSNET

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  • 1.  NAION and Scuba Diving

    Posted 09-21-2025 09:51

    I recently saw a patient who posed an interesting question. He is a 67 year old man with NAION. Risk factors may include a history of sleep apnea (started using a CPAP machine a few months ago), previous use of Semaglutide which he was started on earlier this year and stopped taking several weeks prior to vision loss, and a disc at risk. He is an avid scuba diver and asked me whether I thought diving would increase his risk of recurrent NAION. He then more specifically asked me whether I thought depth mattered, and reminded me that for every 33 feet of descent, atmospheres of pressure increase by 1. Fortunately he doesn't have any upcoming trips planned and his disc edema is nearly resolved, but I wasn't sure beyond that whether this could be problematic for him. He had gone diving 4-6 weeks prior to the vision loss and I did not think that was related. I'm curious how others would counsel this patient. Thanks!

    - Ola Pietraszkiewicz



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  • 2.  RE: NAION and Scuba Diving

    Posted 09-21-2025 10:06
    SCUBA diving would have the opposite impact of long haul flights or mountain hiking, increasing oxygen concentration in the blood and to the optic nerve, similar to hyperbaric oxygen. There has long been interest in the potential treatment effect of hyperbaric oxygen for NAION. Tony Arnold at UCLA tried HBO and did not find any improvement

    Arnold AC, Hepler RS, Lieber M, Alexander JM. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Oct;122(4):535-41. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72114-2. PMID: 8862051.

    Theoretically SCUBA diving would not increase the risk of NAION... but there is a lot we don't know about the triggers of NAION.

    Best,

    Drew





  • 3.  RE: NAION and Scuba Diving

    Posted 09-21-2025 11:24
    I agree with Drew.  I've been a Master Scuba Diver since 1983 when I was still in the Navy.  I've kept up with the literature.  It's more likely that if he ascended too rapidly, the sudden drop in pressure may have been a factor.  In the future, he should probably go no further than 40 feet, and should not ascend quickly.  Better to come up slower and stop at 20 feet for 10 minutes so as not to decompress too quickly.

    August