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77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

  • 1.  77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-03-2025 20:34
    Dear All,

    Please give me your thoughts on this case.

    77 y.o. lady with progressive glare and blurry vision over the last 9 months.  She had successful cataract surgery OU in 2021 with monofocal lenses and was thrilled with the results (20/20 OD and 20/25 OS) until November 2024 when she started to note glare and blur.  

    No eye pain, no headache.  No improvement with artificial tears.  In February 2025 she stopped driving.

    PMH: hypercholesterolemia and dry eye.

    Meds: atorvastatin, tears

    SH: no drugs.  Social drinker.

    Seen by cornea in 1/2025 and vision was 20/40 OD and 20/150 OS PH 20/40 OD and 20/50 OS.  There is mild PCO but not enough to explain her vision loss.  With refraction she is 20/40 OD and 20/70 OS, 20/30 at near OU.  HVF 24-2 with non specific changes

    Sees me in 3/2025 and subjectively vision is worse, but objectively unchanged, 20/50 OD and 20/150 OS, PH 20/40 OU.

    Her color vision is down 6/11 OD and 1/11 OS.  Her nerve looks healthy.  HVF 24-2 subtle paracentral changes.  OCT RNFL full and normal OU in 3/2025 and again in 6/2025.  OCT Mac with central cystic changes OD that retina thinks represents foveoretinoschisis, but it does not explain the vision changes.  Normal FA.  Normal ERG.  Normal MRI brain/orbit.  Normal basic labs (B vitamins, ESR, CRP, CBC, syphilis)

    Saw her again this week and she thinks the vision is even worse, but it's testing exactly the same (20/40 by PH OU, and PAM is 20/40 OU).  I can get her color to 7/11 OU and Farnsworth Munsell 15 has a few neighboring color confusion.  Her HVF 24-2 was grossly normal.  10-2 subtle central changes OS>OD.

    Curious what more you would test given the normal structural studies.  Cotnea faculty says this is not the PCO. Retina faculty says it's not the foveoretinoschisis. Genetic?  Functional? She is adamant that she cannot see or function due to blur and glare.

    Thanks!

    Peter. 

    Peter MacIntosh, MD | He/him/his

    Associate Professor

    Director Ophthalmology Residency Program

    Director Neuro-Ophthalmology Service

    Director Global Ophthalmology Fellowship

    Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary
    UIC Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences

    T: 312.996.9120 | F: 312.413.7895 | pmacint1@uic.edu

     

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  • 2.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-03-2025 21:01
    I am retired, but still follow the threads. Sometimes you have to be old-fashioned in these cases instead of jumping to a major workup. A pinhole vision is not a good test of acuity, especially if there is any degree of posterior capsular issues. My first step in patients whose vision is improved and stable with a pinhole would be to identify an unrecognized refractive issue. This should include keratometry, corneal topography, and an over-refraction while the patient is wearing a gas-permeable CL and who does not have a miotic pupil. How many neuro-ophthalmologists do the refraction themselves (let alone corneal specialists)? Every patient needs an appropriate refraction, particularly if the pin-hole shows consistent, apparently stable functional visual acuity.
    Mickey Rosenberg




  • 3.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-03-2025 21:23
    Agree with Dr. Rosenberg, and often Retinoscopy (remember that?) will give you clues as to what's going on.
    Ed FitzGibbon





  • 4.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-03-2025 21:30
    Has her refraction changed? Astigmatism? A color change in her intraocular lens? Maybe an iTrace can help with the diagnosis.

    Adalgisa Corona, MD

    Enviado desde mi iPhone




  • 5.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-03-2025 21:48
    A drop from 20/20 to 20/40 with new PCO could be the PCO Even if it looks mild. 

    To paraphrase Andy Lee: if the corneal specialist says it's not the capsule, it probably is the capsule. YAG capsulotomy is safe, painless, easy. I'd do that before pursuing esoterica.

    Russ Edwards






  • 6.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-04-2025 11:18
    Mickey,   I'm the neuroophthalmologist that has always done my own refractions.  As a resident, David Harper, whose father was an OD, taught me with many "tricks" for neuro patients, especially malingering among Naval recruits.
    August Reader 





  • 7.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-04-2025 11:38
    Of course, I knew that there were some. When I completed my fellowship with Bill Hoyt over 50 years ago, who would have thought that neuro-ophthalmologists would be at risk of becoming extinct, particularly those capable of performing 100% of a patient evaluation themselves (no insult intended.)




  • 8.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-03-2025 22:02
    Multifocal ERG?. Remember Andy Lee's admonition. "When retina says it is not retina, it is retina"
    Peter
    Sent from my iPhone





  • 9.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-04-2025 13:03
    Second Peter's suggestion (what's going to be mine, but being semi retarded I don't read this every day.) Would also suggest getting a 10–2 visual field







  • 10.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-04-2025 08:52
    I would explore the possibility of posterior cortical atrophy.  Simultagnosia can manifest as an dyschromatopsia because they can't put together the dots that make up the characters on our color plates.  Ask her if she looses things in plain sight.  Does she put something like her phone or a utensil down and is then unable to find it? Does she go to the cupboard or refrigerator to find something and 'can't see it' even though it is right in front of her? I'd test her with a Navon character (just find one on the internet and print it out if you don't have them handy). FDG PET would nail the diagnosis if there is more clinical concern, but it is not necessary if the other clinical pieces are in place.





  • 11.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-04-2025 08:56
    Do the YAG then refract then consider PET






  • 12.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-04-2025 13:15
    A lot of times with PCA , you can appreciate it with a careful read on an MRI. Has she had any imaging already in the recent past? Does she have any cognitive impairment? Usually there are other hints things are off. Also do clock drawing. 
    Though would still do the MF-ERG first, given the OCT changes and the Andy Lee cavest.







  • 13.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-05-2025 00:44
    Did I miss a Vitamin A level or a multifocal ERG?

    Was she on a med (not mentioned as oversight) or have surgery to cause Vit A deficiency?

    I think the ERG was reportedly normal which would go against Vit A deficiency, but maybe early and see if values for ERG are low normal 

    Usually, glare is coming out of the dark however, and not sure that is her symptom.

    IF Low normal B12, suggest homocysteine and methylmalonic acid

    Wouldn't this be nice though if Vit A or B12?

    Was the ganglion cell layer affected even though OCT average NFL OK??

    Very normal nerve by look and OCT NFL 
    Mild to Moderate vision loss and color loss out of proportion, so not refractive or PCO.



    Jade S. Schiffman MD, FAAO, FAAN

    Co-Director of Neuro-Eye Clinical Trials, Inc. 

    Co-Director Neuro-ophthalmology of Texas, P.L.L.C.

    Adjunct Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, UH College of Medicine

    Former Professor of Ophthalmology and Neurology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

     








  • 14.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-06-2025 23:06
    Dear All,

    Thank you so much for your input!  To answer a few questions:

    She was refracted by our low vision optometrist.  She is excellent.
    HVF 10-2 showed subtle central changes OU
    No h/o LASIK.  She had a monofocal lens placed OU.
    Normal MRI Brain and orbit in May 2025.  No cognitive changes, but I can review it with neuroradiology to evaluated for PCA.

    The main reason for thinking there is more to this than refraction and PCO is the reduced color vision.  Maybe and unrecognized congenital color deficiency, but my understanding is PCO could possibly do that, so I think I'll recommend the yag to the cataract surgeon and then see if that resolves her issues.  If not, will certainly consider the many excellent suggestions from this group, probably starting with MRI review and MF ERG.

    Will keep you updated!

    Peter.

    Peter MacIntosh, MD | He/him/his

    Associate Professor

    Director Ophthalmology Residency Program

    Director Neuro-Ophthalmology Service

    Director Global Ophthalmology Fellowship

    Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary
    UIC Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences

    T: 312.996.9120 | F: 312.413.7895 | pmacint1@uic.edu

     

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  • 15.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-05-2025 12:19
    Just looking at the foveal threshold on a twenty four- two will often tell you a lot. If it is 30 or above the vision is usually excellent And then you can start looking for refractive issues. If it is focally depressed, then you can look towards the macula, and if it is truly focal/localized to the foveal threshold, sometimes the multifocal ERG will not even pick it up.

    Matt

    Sent via the Samsung Galaxy S21 5G, an AT&T 5G smartphone






  • 16.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-04-2025 03:57
    I couldn't agree more with Dr Rosenberg. In my view, both subjective refraction and neutralising lens testing are underutilised tools in the assessment of unexplained poor vision. 

    Anna Gruener





  • 17.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-04-2025 07:04
    Warm up the YAG please.
    Scott Forman, MD





  • 18.  RE: 77 yo lady with progressive blur and glare

    Posted 07-04-2025 13:06
    Certainly easy enough to do and see where you are. If it works, the patient will go "why didn't you do this right away?"
     Unfortunately, if it doesn't help, their response will be, "Doctors only want to do procedures and make money, even if it doesn't help."
    FAW