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57 year old female light perception right eye

  • 1.  57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 15:19
    Dear colleagues,

    I would appreciate any advice you can give me on this patient. She is a 57-year-old female with no past significant medical history other than being on thyroid medication. She is not diabetic, hypertensive, or hyperlipidemic. I saw her yesterday for the first time. She noticed a "smudge" in the vision of her right eye about 5 days ago and thought it was glasses. No pain at all . Two days later, she realized her vision was poor even without glasses. She denies headaches, flashes, or floaters, as well as jaw claudication, hip or shoulder pain. She does have fibromyalgia and reports no scalp tenderness.

    When I saw her yesterday, her vision in the right eye was described as just seeing white in front of her, unable to see fingers in any quadrant, and unable to see a red cap to determine color vision. Extraocular movements were intact (EOMI), no pain with EOM and she presented with a 2+ afferent pupillary defect (APD) on the right eye. Her left eye had 20/20 vision and a not a disc at risk.  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerves was normal in both eyes, with nerves appearing to have 0.2 cups of good color bilaterally, and intraocular pressures were within normal limits.

    At this point, my diagnosis is Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (PION). The challenging aspect of this case is that she had an MRI with contrast a few months ago for her fibromyalgia and had a severe contrast reaction requiring resuscitation. Therefore, I have ordered an MRI without contrast of the orbits to evaluate the sinuses and surrounding area, as well as a sed rate, CRP, aquaporin antibody test, MOG antibody test, RPR and FTA-ABS, and a carotid ultrasound. Empirically I started her on 60mg of prednisone as well.

    Given her history of a severe contrast reaction, I am wondering how else to further work her up since a contrast-enhanced MRI of the orbits is not an option. Thank you for your insights.

    Best regards,
    Robert Bellinoff

    Robert Bellinoff, MD

    Division Head, Eye Department, Mercy Medical Group

    Site Medical Director of Midtown Medical and Surgical Specialties

     

    Mercy Medical Group

    3000 Q Street

    Sacramento, CA 95816

    (916) 733-3311 (O)

    (916) 733-3307 (F)

     

    Caution: This email is both proprietary and confidential, and not intended for transmission to (or receipt by) any unauthorized person(s). If you believe that you have received this email in error, do not read any attachments. Instead, kindly reply to the sender stating that you have received the message in error. Then destroy it and any attachments. Thank you.


  • 2.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 15:36
    I would rule out probability of SLE with further labs , this month I had a similar case that had +ve ANA and turned out to be SLE , though it was as in the early forties 





  • 3.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 16:04
    Optic neuritis, MOG and NMO all seem more likely in this patient than posterior ischemic. Without an MRI with contrast to guide you, I think I would treat her with 5 days of high-dose steroids, oral or IV, not the 60mg dose: If she has optic neuritis you might be increasing her risk of recurrence. 

    Bradley J Katz, MD, PhD
    Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
    John A Moran Eye Center
    he/him/his





  • 4.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 16:08
    You can still use STIR sequences successfully to look at the retrobulbar optic nerve.
    +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
    Scott Forman, MD
    Senior Fellow North American Neuro-ophthalmology Society

    Adult and Pediatric Neuro-ophthalmology
    Comprehensive Ophthalmology
    Functional Medicine














  • 5.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 16:14
    Thank you for all the quick responses. Would anyone suggest a temporal artery biopsy if the sed rate and crp are normal and she has no systemic complaints, just the vision loss?
    bob

    Robert Bellinoff, MD

    Division Head, Eye Department, Mercy Medical Group

    Site Medical Director of Midtown Medical and Surgical Specialties

     

    Mercy Medical Group

    3000 Q Street

    Sacramento, CA 95816

    (916) 733-3311 (O)

    (916) 733-3307 (F)

     








  • 6.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 16:22
    I agree, NMO is the most likely scenario in this situation, you may need to check with your radiologist if the orbit protocol at your institution is going to get good images of the optic chiasm. given the severe reaction to prior contrast it is reasonable to start with the MRI without contrast but if it is inconclusive you may need a contrasted MRI anyways, being on IV 1000 mg of steroids for 48 hours should cover the steroid protocol and some additional benadryl. GCA is very unlikely in this situation. You may want to start making plans to arrange for plasmapheresis

    Best,

    Drew






  • 7.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 19:15
    See why I miss working at Wilmer? There was always someone next door to whom i could turn. ☺️

    Sent via the Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra 5G, an AT&T 5G smartphone
    Get Outlook for Android





  • 8.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 16:48
    You could do a CT with contrast, also.





  • 9.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 17:38
    I’d get a temporal artery ultrasound just in case but wouldn’t bother with a TAB.
    BW
    Anna

    Sent from my iPhone




  • 10.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 16:35

    I agree with Dr. Katz regarding the more likely differential diagnosis and the advisability of avoiding oral steroids.

    However, before embarking on an aggressive course of treatment, more information is needed regarding the patient's visual status in BOTH eyes.  While the presence of an APD indicates that organic disease is present, the magnitude of the APD was judged to be 2+.  In my experience, a 2+ (moderate) APD is not consistent with LP vision.  There are three possible explanations for the apparent disparity:

    1)  The patient has BILATERAL disease, with peripheral field loss in the asymptomatic left eye.
    2)  The vision OD is actually better than light perception.
    3)  The technician who tested the pupils misjudged a 3-4+ APD.

    If not already done, the following should be undertaken:

    Formal perimetry in the left eye.
    Test vision in the right eye with an OKN drum and a tilting mirror.
    Re-test the pupillary responses.

    Stephen C. Pollock, MD






  • 11.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 16:42
    It was my mistake, it is a 3 plus APD. I was the one who tested it and didn't label it correctly. Unfortunately we do not have an OKN drum, but I am convinced her vision is light perception. 
    bob

    Robert Bellinoff, MD

    Division Head, Eye Department, Mercy Medical Group

    Site Medical Director of Midtown Medical and Surgical Specialties

     

    Mercy Medical Group

    3000 Q Street

    Sacramento, CA 95816

    (916) 733-3311 (O)

    (916) 733-3307 (F)

     








  • 12.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 16:50


    Robert, thanks for clarifying the magnitude of the APD.

    Do you happen to have the results of formal perimetry OS?  It would be helpful to know if the patient has:  a) a normal field;  b) optic nerve-related defects not involving central vision;  or c) a superotemporal defect respecting the vertical meridian.

              Steve

    Stephen C. Pollock, MD






  • 13.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 16:57
     am having her come in now to do a vf on the left eye, then will let you know. should have results in about an hour
    bob

    Robert Bellinoff, MD

    Division Head, Eye Department, Mercy Medical Group

    Site Medical Director of Midtown Medical and Surgical Specialties

     

    Mercy Medical Group

    3000 Q Street

    Sacramento, CA 95816

    (916) 733-3311 (O)

    (916) 733-3307 (F)

     








  • 14.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 18:06
    Her visual field on her "good" left eye that is correctable to 20/20 It shows diffuse field loss, foveal threshold at 23db. Mostly central island remaining. I asked her if she thinks her vision in her left eye has changed over the last two weeks and she could say, it just seems "thicker". hard for her to describe. She is heading to the hospital now for IV steroids and MRI. thank you again everyone.
    Bob

    Robert Bellinoff, MD

    Division Head, Eye Department, Mercy Medical Group

    Site Medical Director of Midtown Medical and Surgical Specialties

     

    Mercy Medical Group

    3000 Q Street

    Sacramento, CA 95816

    (916) 733-3311 (O)

    (916) 733-3307 (F)

     








  • 15.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 18:56
    57 years old and fibromyalgia! Needs to exclude temporal arteritis even without symptoms.
    Carlos W Vazquez MD 






  • 16.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 19:06

    As I mentioned earlier, there's no question about the presence of organic disease on the right, based on the documentation of a prominent afferent pupillary defect.

    That said, the marked inconsistency between symptomatology OS and the degree of field loss OS, plus the pattern of field loss in the left eye (central island), leads me to wonder about a functional overlay.  Indeed, if the only remaining field in the left eye was, in fact, a central island, one would not expect to see such a prominent APD on the right.

                Steve

    Stephen C. Pollock, MD





  • 17.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-17-2025 17:42
    Probably not the case here, but certainly in LHON patients they often have a more reactive pupil than their vision would suggest they should have. Presumably due to a relative sparing of the melanopsin RGC's







  • 18.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-18-2025 00:46
    Hi!
    Does a normal disc on OCT mean a normal RNFL and GCC in the affected eye?
    Ischemic events affect the GCC early and inflammatory conditions cause some axonal swelling which show up on the OCT.

    How's the fundus?
    Wish we get to see the fundus and OCT images.

    PS: Is everyone else also getting a security breach warning when trying to log into NANOS website?


    Dr Shikha Bassi
    Sankara Nethralaya 
    Chennai
    India





  • 19.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-18-2025 03:55
    Consider early phase angiography FA to rule out choroidal infarction? (Unless also reaction to fluorescein)






  • 20.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-18-2025 15:06
    I wanted to give an update on this patient. She has had fibromyalgia for years. She states she has had bad peripheral vision on the left eye for years. Never had a workup or prior visual field for her  poor peripheral vision.Her previous MRI head was done 4 years ago due to hearing loss in the right ear but the MRI wasn't completed due to anaphylactic reaction. She denies any myelitis symptoms, vomiting, or hiccups. She went to the ER yesterday and while there  she had an MRI orbits without gad, and then decided to leave AMA since she was hungry. So no other MRI, spinal tap, or steroids IV were done.  I was able to convince her to come back in today so I could recheck and send back to the ER which she did. The MRI orbit report was scattered nonspecific white matter FLAIR hyperintensities in the cerebral parenchyma with normal signal of optic nerve and normal appearing chiasm. I rechecked her pupils this am,  the right eye to me is between 3 and 4+ APD. It is definitely there. I redid her 24-2 and her oct of nerves and have included them so there will be two sets, one set is the oct from two days ago with yesterday's vf, and the other set is today's oct and repeat vf. To me the pattern on the vf both times looks like a cloverleaf pattern. When I did confrontation fields again today she did appear to have trouble seeing my fingers peripherally. I didn't check it that carefully the other day.  The OCT does show ganglion cell thinning of the right eye both days.The retina oct was difficult on the right because of lack of fixation.So once again she is being admitted today for spinal tap, other labs, other MRI of C and T spine, and IV solumedrol. Thank you.

    hopefully i have attached the documents correctly

    Bob

    Robert Bellinoff, MD

    Division Head, Eye Department, Mercy Medical Group

    Site Medical Director of Midtown Medical and Surgical Specialties

     

    Mercy Medical Group

    3000 Q Street

    Sacramento, CA 95816

    (916) 733-3311 (O)

    (916) 733-3307 (F)

     








  • 21.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-18-2025 16:09
    Nonspecific foci in MRI could be vasculitis of various causes , I don't take that for granted , the report of there is a clinical diagnosis of optic neuritis , neuropathy , it a long wonderful discussion , but I don recall if patient had full immunology labs and demyelination labs including oligoclonal bands , AntiMOG, and anti-aqua porin 4 , I would do also transcranial Dopplex study .. Vasculits vs Demyelination this what is appears to be 







  • 22.  RE: 57 year old female light perception right eye

    Posted 06-18-2025 22:33

    Thanks for sharing the images. We can also take a retina consult to rule out CRAO. The inner retinal layers look thin.OCTA can be done if not FFA.The other eye has high false negatives but there too , if there's a problem it's not in the nerve



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    Shikha
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